After King Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke in 879, Louis the Younger inherited Bavaria, Charles the Fat was given the Kingdom of Italy and Arnulf was confirmed in Carinthia by an agreement with Carloman.

[41] Arnulf was then greeted at the Ponte Milvio by the Roman Senate who escorted him into the Leonine City, where he was received by Pope Formosus on the steps of the Santi Apostoli. With the support of the nobles, Arnulf held a Diet at Tribur and deposed Charles in November 887, under threat of military action. [34][34][35], In Italy Guy III of Spoleto and Berengar of Friuli fought over the Iron Crown of Lombardy. As a reward, Wiching became Arnulf's chancellor in 892. [30], In 893, a new pope, Formosus, not trusting the newly crowned co-emperors Guy and Lambert, sent an embassy to Omuntesberch, where Arnulf was holding a Diet with Svatopluk,[31] to request Arnulf come and liberate Italy,[32] where he would be crowned in Rome. Italy was lost,[41] raiders from Moravia and Hungary were continually raiding his lands, and Lotharingia was in revolt against Zwentibold. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Pannonia was invaded, but Arnulf refused to give up the young Wilhelminers. In 890 he was successfully battling Slavs in Pannonia. [45] Rumours of the time made Arnulf's condition to be a result of poisoning at the hand of Ageltrude. Arnulf had had the nobility recognize the rights of his illegitimate sons, Zwentibold and Ratold, as his successors. Later, these tactics were used to occupy the territory of the Greater Moravian state. [34] In the meantime, Lambert and his mother Ageltrude travelled to Rome to receive papal confirmation of his imperial succession, but Formosus, still desiring to crown Arnulf, was imprisoned in Castel Sant'Angelo. Marriage to Arnulf of Carinthia. After this victory Arnulf built a new castle on an island in the Dijle river (Dutch: Dijle, English and French: Dyle). This ruined Arnulf's relationship with his uncle the Emperor and put him at war with Svatopluk of Moravia. Arnulf of Carinthia (c. 850 – December 8, 899) was the duke of Carinthia who overthrew his uncle, Emperor Charles the Fat, became the Carolingian king of East Francia from 887, the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from February 22, 896 until his death at Regensburg The Annals of Fulda. In January 894 Bergamo fell, and Count Ambrose, Guy's representative in the city, was hung from a tree by the city's gates. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992. Share maps you have made of alternate history, fantasy, sci-fi or anything really! [42] Rumours of the time made Arnulf's condition to be a result of poisoning at the hand of Ageltrude. [19] In early/mid-891, Vikings invaded Lotharingia,[20] and crushed an East Frankish army at Maastricht. [30], As early as 880 Arnulf had designs on Great Moravia, and had the Frankish bishop Wiching of Nitra interfere with the missionary activities of the Eastern Orthodox priest Methodius, with the aim of preventing any potential for creating a unified Moravian state. Arnulf Carolingian of Carinthia, King of Eastern Francia, King of Italy, Holy Roman Emperor, was born 850 to Carloman of Bavaria (829-880) and Liutswind (?-?) He was a Christian German of the House of Karling, and in 876 he was made Duke of Carinthia. Conquering all of the territory north of the Po, he forced the surrender of Milan and then drove Guy out of Pavia, where he was crowned King of Italy,[16] but went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn, and fever incapacitated his troops. Roma”) to Lambert (“Lamverto Imp. Arnulf kept his seat here and from later events it may be inferred that the Carantanians, from an early time, treated him as their own Duke. [46][47] On his way north, he stopped at Pavia where he crowned his illegitimate son Ratold, as sub-King of Italy, after which he left Ratold in Milan in an attempt to preserve his hold on Italy. First Maginulf, Count of Milan, and then Walfred, Count of Pavia, joined him. Lambert and Berengar killed any officials that Arnulf put in power, and the sub-king of Italy, Arnulf's son Ratold of Italy, fled to Bavaria. Bohemia was thus freed from the dangers of Frankish invasion. [47] When his only legitimate son, Louis the Child, died in 911 at age 17 or 18, the eastern (German) branch of the house of Charlemagne ceased to exist. [19] His intervention forced Pope Formosus to get involved, as he was worried that a divided and war weary West Francia would be easy prey for the Normans. 84 – Silver coins from the pontificate of Stephen VI show the transition from Arnulf (“Arnolfvs Imp. Later, after he had been crowned King of East Francia, Arnulf turned his old territory of Carinthia into the March of Carinthia, a part of the Duchy of Bavaria.[9]. [48] That same year Pope Formosus died, leaving Lambert once again in power, and both he and Berengar proceeded to kill any officials who had been appointed by Arnulf, forcing Ratold to flee from Milan to Bavaria. They defeated Guy, but were bought off and left in autumn. [20], Arnulf was not a negotiator, but a fighter. He also conquered Milan and Pavia, and he was crowned king of Italy in Pavia. However, Bavaria was more or less ruled by Arnulf. 884 (pp 108–111), MacLean, Simon. This page was last modified on 13 January 2016, at 13:11. There is no evidence that Ota was crowned. [23], Arnulf took advantage of the problems in West Francia after the death of Charles the Fat to secure the territory of Lotharingia, which he converted into a kingdom for his son Zwentibold.

[27] Arnulf then took advantage of the following fighting between Odo and Charles in 894, harrying some territories of West Francia. [39] His march northward through the Alps was interrupted by Rudolph I of Burgundy, and it was only with great difficulty that Arnulf crossed the mountain range. [21] Terms such as "Vikings", "Danes", "Northmen" and "Norwegians" have been used loosely and interchangeably to describe these invaders. In 879, his father was incapacitated by a stroke, so Ludwig III of East Francia inherited Bavaria, Charles the Fat gained Italy, and Arnulf was given Carinthia. [20] Angered by the non-appearance of Charles, he welcomed Odo at the Diet of Worms in May 895, and again supported Odo's claim to the West Francian throne. [citation needed] Arnulf, having distinguished himself in the war against the Slavs, was then elected king by the nobles of East Francia (only the eastern realm, though Charles had ruled the whole of the Frankish Empire). [52] He was also plagued by escalating violence and power struggles among the lower Frankish nobility.[53]. [13], Arnulf took advantage of the problems in West Francia upon the death of Charles The Fat to secure the territory of Lorraine, which he converted into a kingdom for his son, Zwentibold. [26] Arnulf went no further before Guy died suddenly in late autumn, and a fever incapacitated his troops. [28], In 895 Arnulf summoned both Charles and Odo to his residence at Worms. Arnulf of Carinthia was born in 850, the son of Carloman II of Bavaria. Arnulf is entombed in St. Emmeram's Basilica at Regensburg, which is now known as Schloss Thurn und Taxis, the palace of the Princes of Thurn und Taxis. Roma”), "Ethics and politics of Great Moravia of the 9th century Vasil Gluchman", Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски. [18], Arnulf was a fighter, not a negotiator. First Maginulf, Count of Milan, and then Walfred of Friuli, joined him. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple.
To install click the Add extension button. When he marched northwards through the Alps, King Rudolph I of Burgundy interrupted them, so he sent his son Zwentibold to ravage Burgundy. While Guy III of Spoleto and Berengar of Friuli fought over the Iron Crown of Lombardy, Arnulf invaded Italy. After Arnulf's birth, Carloman married, before 861, a daughter of that same Count Ernst, who died after 8 August 879. [45] He was also plagued by escalating violence and power struggles between the lower German nobility.[46]. While Pope Stephen V supported Guy, crowning him Roman Emperor in 891, Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar. This ruined Arnulf's relationship with his uncle the Emperor and put him at war with Svatopluk of Moravia. [3] The Annales Fuldenses report that the bodies of dead Northmen blocked the run of the river.


Eventually even Adalbert II of Tuscany abandoned Lambert. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Arnulf met the Primores of the Kingdom of Italy, dismissed them with gifts and promised to assist the pope. [29] His intervention soon forced Pope Formosus to get involved, as he was worried that a divided and war weary West Francia would be easy prey for the Vikings. He was succeeded as the king of East Francia by his only legitimate son from Ota (died 903), Louis the Child. [37] On his return to Germany, he exercised very little further control in Italy for the rest of his life, although his agents in Rome did not prevent the accession of Pope Stephen VI in 896. [30] Angered by the non-appearance of Charles, he welcomed Odo at the Diet of Worms in May 895, and again supported Odo's claim to the throne of West Francia. [33] His march northward through the Alps was interrupted by Rudolph, King of Transjurane Burgundy, and it was only with great difficulty that Arnulf crossed the mountain range. [41] That same year, Formosus died, leaving Lambert once again in power, and both he and Berengar killed any officials who had been put in place by Arnulf, as Ratold also fled from Milan to Bavaria. 882 (p. 104 and n3), Reuter, Timothy (trans.) On 8 December 899 Arnulf of Carinthia died at Ratisbon[1] (today known as Regensburg), Bavaria, Germany. In 879, his father was incapacitated by a stroke, so Ludwig III of East Francia inherited Bavaria, Charles the Fat gained Italy, and Arnulf was given Carinthia. [25], Recognising the superiority of Arnulf's position, in 888 king Odo of France formally accepted the suzerainty of Arnulf. 882 (p. 104 and n3), Reuter, Timothy (trans.) [10][11] Charles peacefully went into his involuntary retirement, but not without first chastising his nephew for his treachery and asking only for a few royal villas in Swabia, which Arnulf mercifully granted him,[12] on which to live out his final months. Later, after he had been crowned King of East Francia, Arnulf turned his old territory of Carinthia into the March of Carinthia, a part of the Duchy of Bavaria. [40] In retaliation, Arnulf ordered his illegitimate son Zwentibold to ravage Rudolph's kingdom. [34] In retaliation, Arnulf ordered his illegitimate son Zwentibold to ravage Burgundy. Cambridge University Press: 2003. pg. In September 895 a new papal embassy arrived in Regensburg beseeching Arnulf's aid. In 893 the new Pope Formosus, not trusting the newly crowned co-emperors Guy III of Spoleto and his son Lambert II of Spoleto, sent an embassy to Omuntesberch, where Arnulf was meeting with Svatopluk I of Moravia,[37] to request that Arnulf come and liberate Italy,[38] where he would be crowned emperor in Rome. [26] Arnulf, however, failed to conquer the whole of Great Moravia when he attempted it in 892, 893, and 899. Arnulf met the Primores of the Kingdom of Italy, dismissed them with gifts and promised to enter Italy. Arnulf was the son of Carloman, King of Bavaria,[3] and his wife Liutswind,[4] who maybe was the sister of Ernst, Count of the Bavarian Nordgau Margraviate in the area of the Upper Palatinate, or perhaps the burgrave of Passau, as some sources say. In October Arnulf undertook his second campaign into Italy.