Ytterbium fires cannot be extinguished using water, and only dry chemical class D fire extinguishers can extinguish the fires. This is due to the closed-shell electron configuration of ytterbium ([Xe] 4f14 6s2), which causes only the two 6s electrons to be available for metallic bonding (in contrast to the other lanthanides where three electrons are available) and increases ytterbium's metallic radius. Thus, small 169Yb samples (which emit gamma rays) act like tiny X-ray machines useful for radiography of small objects. Atomic Number: 70. [14][15], Ytterbium is found with other rare-earth elements in several rare minerals. He suspected that ytterbia was a compound of a new element that he called "ytterbium" (in total, four elements were named after the village, the others being yttrium, terbium, and erbium). Few alloys of Ytterbium are used in dentistry. Ytterbium has a density of 6.973 g/cm3, which is significantly lower than those of the neighboring lanthanides, thulium (9.32 g/cm3) and lutetium (9.841 g/cm3). Melting point/Melting range: 2227 °C (4041 °F) Boiling point/Boiling range: No data available Sublimation temperature / start: No data available Flammability (solid, gas) No data available. In general, melting is a phase change of … Mixtures of powdered ytterbium with polytetrafluoroethylene or hexachloroethane burn with a luminous emerald-green flame. [18][19], Ytterbium is separated from other rare earths either by ion exchange or by reduction with sodium amalgam. [7][10], The Yb3+ ion is used as a doping material in active laser media, specifically in solid state lasers and double clad fiber lasers. Its melting point is Ytterbium metal behaves similarly to europium metal and the alkaline earth metals, dissolving in ammonia to form blue electride salts. First, minerals such as monazite or xenotime are dissolved into various acids, such as sulfuric acid. The world production of ytterbium is only about 50 tonnes per year, reflecting that it has few commercial applications. Power scaling also requires optimization of matching passive fibers within the optical cavity. [57], Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights, "Standard Atomic Weight of Ytterbium Revised", "Ytterbium Trichloride-Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane", "Un nouvel élément, le lutécium, résultant du dédoublement de l'ytterbium de Marignac", "Lutetium und Neoytterbium oder Cassiopeium und Aldebaranium – Erwiderung auf den Artikel des Herrn Auer v. Welsbach", "Die Zerlegung des Ytterbiums in seine Elemente", Ytterbium Atomic Clocks Set Record for Stability, "NIST ytterbium atomic clocks set record for stability", "Photonic Whispering-Gallery Resonations in New Environments", "Measuring photodarkening from single-mode ytterbium doped silica fibers", "Effect of Yb concentration on the resistivity and lifetime of CdTe:Ge:Yb codoped crystals", "Fiber for Fiber Lasers: Matching Active and Passive Fibers Improves Fiber Laser Performance", "Effect of the Alkali-Metal Cation on the Bonding Mode of 2,5-Dimethylpyrrole in Divalent Samarium and Ytterbium Complexes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium&oldid=1022342378, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 May 2021, at 00:01. The metal is purified by sublimation and collected over a condensed plate. [20], The chemical behavior of ytterbium is similar to that of the rest of the lanthanides. Regulatory / Health. [52], Currently, ytterbium is being investigated as a possible replacement for magnesium in high density pyrotechnic payloads for kinematic infrared decoy flares. It reacts slowly with cold water and it oxidizes slowly in air. Ytterbium dissolves slowly in water, but quickly in acids, liberating hydrogen gas. The abundance of ytterbium in the Earth's crust is about 3 mg/kg. The number of electrons in each of Ytterbium's shells is [2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2] and its electron configuration is [Xe]4f 14 6s 2. [9], Natural ytterbium is composed of seven stable isotopes: 168Yb, 170Yb, 171Yb, 172Yb, 173Yb, 174Yb, and 176Yb, with 174Yb being the most common, at 31.8% of the natural abundance). [30][31][32] The Commission on Atomic Mass, consisting of Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, Wilhelm Ostwald, and Georges Urbain, which was then responsible for the attribution of new element names, settled the dispute in 1909 by granting priority to Urbain and adopting his names as official ones, based on the fact that the separation of lutetium from Marignac's ytterbium was first described by Urbain. Ytterbium is named after the town of Ytterby near Stockholm in Sweden, and makes up the fourth element to be named after this town, the others being of course yttrium, terbium and erbium. It is attacked by the strong acids and reacts slowly with cold water and air. In the latter method, a buffered acidic solution of trivalent rare earths is treated with molten sodium-mercury alloy, which reduces and dissolves Yb3+. [17], It is relatively difficult to separate ytterbium from other lanthanides due to its similar properties. The melting points of the lanthanide metals rapidly increase with increasing atomic number from 798 °C (1,468 °F) for cerium to 1,663 °C (3,025 °F) for lutetium (a doubling of the melting point temperatures), while the melting points of scandium and yttrium are comparable to those of the last members of the trivalent lanthanide metals. What's in a name? Physical properties of Ytterbium differ widely when compared to other elements. Neoytterbia later became known as the element ytterbium, and lutecia became known as the element lutetium. Ionic radius. Thermal Properties of Ytterbium Ytterbium – Melting Point and Boiling Point. Boiling point. "Melting point of 1097 K. Definitely 1097." Note that, these points are associated with the standard atmospheric pressure. 9. Ytterbium clocks are the World’s most stable atomic clock. Power levels have increased from the 1 kW regimes due to the advancements in components as well as the Yb-doped fibers. OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Energy of second ionisation. Properties The element's atomic weight is just over 173. Ytterbium has three allotropic forms with transformation points at -13°C and 795°C: The beta form is a room-temperature, face-centered, cubic modification, while the high-temperature gamma form is a body-centered cubic form. Nowadays, this is element is used in the making of memory devices and tunable lasers. [16], Ytterbium is often the most common substitute in yttrium minerals. Ytterbium – Thermal Conductivity. Group Name: Lanthanide. [49] The optimization of the ytterbium-doped glass itself through host glass modification of various dopants also plays a large part in reducing the background loss of the glass, improvements in slope efficiency of the fiber, and improved photodarkening performance, all of which contribute to increased power levels in 1 µm systems. Energy of second ionisation. Much progress has been made in the power scaling lasers and amplifiers produced with ytterbium (Yb) doped optical fibers. In 1907, the French chemist Georges Urbain separated Marignac's ytterbia into two components: neoytterbia and lutecia. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides. Another laser that "ticks" 518 trillion times per second provokes a transition between two energy levels in the atoms. A relatively pure sample of the metal was not obtained until 1953. Freezing Point: see melting point; Hardness Scale. Define ytterbium. Once extracted and prepared, ytterbium is somewhat hazardous as an eye and skin irritant. Energy of second ionisation. Atomic Weight: 173.045. unknown. ... Atomic number 70; atomic weight 173.05; melting point 824°C; boiling point 1,196°C; specific gravity 6.903 (alpha form), 6.966 (beta form); valence 2, 3. Standard potential - 2.27 V. Discovered by. The Ytterbium atom has a radius of 176 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 242 pm. Ytterbium definition, a rare metallic element found in gadolinite and forming compounds resembling those of yttrium. Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. However, ytterbium compounds cause irritation to human skin and eyes, and some might be teratogenic. Melting point of Ytterbium is 819°C. Radioactive 169 Yb isotope is a source of hard X-rays useful in portable radiographic devices. [23] Ytterbium(III) fluoride (YbF3) is used as an inert and non-toxic tooth filling as it continuously releases fluoride ions, which are good for dental health, and is also a good X-ray contrast agent. 27 radioisotopes have been observed, with the most stable ones being 169Yb with a half-life of 32.0 days, 175Yb with a half-life of 4.18 days, and 166Yb with a half-life of 56.7 hours. It is the last of four elements named after the town of Ytterby, Sweden. The model with one single ytterbium ion caught in an ion trap is highly accurate. Phase at Room Temperature: Solid. The primary decay products of ytterbium isotopes lighter than 174Yb are thulium isotopes, and the primary decay products of ytterbium isotopes with heavier than 174Yb are lutetium isotopes. Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. Ytterbium was discovered in Ytterby the Swedish village which Yttrium, Terbium and Erbium also draw their name from. Energy of third ionisation. Its melting and boiling points are also significantly lower than those of thulium and lutetium. [54] All compounds of ytterbium are treated as highly toxic, although studies appear to indicate that the danger is minimal. Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC): Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 0.23 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42): Boiling Pt (deg C): 482.98 (Adapted Stein & Brown method) Melting Pt (deg C): 188.60 (Mean or Weighted MP) VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 4.24E-009 (Modified Grain … NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 1, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 2, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, Important Questions For Class 11 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Physics, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Chemistry, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Maths, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, Ytterbium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac. 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And power scaling lasers and amplifiers produced with ytterbium ( Yb ) higher levels... A bright, shiny surface and is malleable and ductile chemical element that displays a bright luster!