Later the kilns were established near Jiaotan, the altar for sacrifices to heaven and earth, outside the south gate of the city. The National Palace Museum is fortunate to have 21, the most of any collection. The discovery of most of these cellars and kilns containing Chun ware in Henan Province supports this assertion. There are many variations in the colour of the glaze. Jian ware is named for the original place of manufacture, Jian’an, in Fujian province. [Source: National Palace Museum, Taipei npm.gov.tw \=/ ], “By the late Tang and Five Dynasties periods in the tenth century, Ding porcelains had become highly popular among the Chinese aristocracy in the Yangtze and Yellow River regions and even among the Khitan Liao in present-day Manchuria. The best known example of Yuan porcelain decorated in this manner, which is usually referred to as blue-and-white, is a pair of vases in the Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art in London. The use of underglaze blue was introduced from the Middle East, where it had been employed at least as early as the 9th century, specimens thus decorated having been recovered at Sāmarrāʾ. Ge ware is closely related to Guan ware. The unglazed rim was a result of the "upside-down" firing process, in which the rim of each Ding-ware bowl or plate was left unglazed in order to allow it to be turned upside down and placed rim-first on a round supporting ring; the ring and vessel were then stacked atop the support-ring of the vessel below. Estimation 15,000 — 20,000 USD.... Gourd-shaped Bottle with Molded Peony and Arabesque Vine Decorations, Southern Song-Yuan Dynasties (13th-14th Centuries) (Manshu-in Temple, Kyoto) .

Southern wares have bluish white glaze, the places where it congealed being lake-blue in color. The oxides included copper for green and iron for amber or brownish yellow. In Japan, they were used as flower vases. Unevenly arranged from front to back, with the tallest mountains in the center and lower mountains on the sides, one sees a rhythmic beauty in the well-defined layers, connecting mountains and composition of gentle, resounding continuity. Porcelains came into common production and one kiln after another rose to fame. Lot 2807. A variant with strongly marked crackle became known as Ge ware in deference to the tradition that it was made by the elder brother (ge) of the director of the Longquan factory. The lyrics to this song vividly portray the scene and joyous atmosphere of a person receiving the top position in an imperial examination. These wares have also been praised both domestically and internationally, and have been appreciated by and exalted among many in later generations.” \=/, Good Websites and Sources on the Song Dynasty: Asia for Educators, Columbia University, Primary Sources with DBQs, afe.easia.columbia.edu ; Wikipedia Wikipedia ; San.beck.org san.beck.org ; BCPS bcps.org ; Good Websites and Sources on the Tang Dynasty: Wikipedia ; Google Book: China’s Golden Age: Everday Life in the Tang Dynasty by Charles Benn books.google.com/books; Empress Wu womeninworldhistory.com ; Good Websites and Sources on Tang Culture: Metropolitan Museum of Art metmuseum.org ; Tang Poems etext.lib.virginia.edu enter Tang Poems in the search; Tang Horses persiancarpetguide.com China Vista chinavista.com, Good Websites and Sources on Early Chinese History: 1) Robert Eno, Indiana University indiana.edu; 2) Chinese Text Project ctext.org ; 3) Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization depts.washington.edu ; 4) Ancient China Life ancientchinalife.com ; 5) Ancient China for School Kids elibrary.sd71.bc.ca/subject_resources ; Good Chinese History Websites: 1) Chaos Group of University of Maryland chaos.umd.edu/history/toc ; 2) WWW VL: History China vlib.iue.it/history/asia ; 3) Wikipedia article on the History of China Wikipedia 4) China Knowledge; 5) Gutenberg.org e-book gutenberg.org/files ; Links in this Website: Main China Page factsanddetails.com/china (Click History).

As these ceramic and porcelain wares were intended to replace bronze ritualistic vessels, some of the early Southern Song imperial kiln porcelain closely resembled ancient bronze vessels. With a round everted mouth and a long broad neck, the distended thick body stands out on the short base stand, which is perforated with five drainage holes. \=/, “The unique style of Ju porcelain glaze color is a slightly greenish blue hue with the slightest sparkle of rose pink luster, appearing quite different from the Yao-chou, Southern Sung Kuan (Official), and Lung-ch’üan celadons of the Sung dynasty. The concave underside, covered in an ochre slip with blue details, is carved with the Chinese character for "five (wu)." Robert Jacobsen, curator of Asian art at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts said: “[M]any historians agree that the last great moment in Chinese Buddhist sculpture occurred in the late Sung period, in the 12th and 13th centuries. The myriad forms and renderings of Sung and Yuan ceramics disclose details about the eating, adornment, and worship customs of the time. [Source: National Palace Museum, Taipei npm.gov.tw \=/ ], National Palace Museum, Taipei description of a jade water dish in the shape of a lotus leaf with turtle décor, Southern Song to Yuan dynasties: “The texture of this water dish vessel is clear and transparent, and an entire piece of jade is used to carve out a large lotus leaf and the small lotus leaf by it.