Gimtoji istorija 2: Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės (Lietuvos istorijos vadovėlis). In a crusade against the Golden Horde in 1398 (in an alliance with Tokhtamysh), Lithuania invaded northern Crimea and won a decisive victory.

By the 15th century the dynasty had become Slavic in culture (a version of Belarusian was the official language…, …his skillful dealings with the Polish-Lithuanian state, which had expanded down the Dnieper basin and into Slavic territories on the south flank of Moscow. However, the newly reformed Commonwealth was invaded by Russia in 1792 and partitioned between neighbouring states. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... What city is known as the Venice of the North?

The pagan state was targeted in the religious crusade by the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Order. Ruthenian communities were also present in the extreme southern parts of Trakai voivodeship and south-eastern parts of Vilnius voivodeship. In the Federation, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania maintained its political distinctiveness and had separate ministries, laws, army, and treasury.

[53] Statutes of the Grand Duchy were translated into Latin and Polish. The same was stated in part 4 of the Statute: .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. Following the Galicia–Volhynia Wars which divided Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia between Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland, in 1355 the Halych metropoly was liquidated and its eparchies transferred to the metropoles of Lithuania and Volhynia.

Vilnius, Trakai and Samogitia were the core voivodeships of the state, being part of Lithuania Proper, as evidenced by the privileged position of their governors in state authorities, such as the Council of Lords. By about 1355, the State of Moldavia had formed, and the Golden Horde did little to re-vassalize the area. The land was divided out among the Russian Empire, Prussia and Austria in 1795. [5] There was great diversity in languages, religion, and cultural heritage. [54] During the following decades, the population decreased in a result of partitions.[54]. https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania&oldid=6182434, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [20] Likely Živinbudas had the most authority[19] and at least several dukes were from the same families. [39] There was an effort to polarise Orthodox Christians after the Union of Brest in 1596, by which some Orthodox Christians acknowledged papal authority and Catholic catechism, but preserved their liturgy. In 1274, the Great Prussian Rebellion ended, and the Teutonic Knights proceeded to conquer other Baltic tribes: the Nadruvians and Skalvians in 1274–1277, and the Yotvingians in 1283; the Livonian Order completed its conquest of Semigalia, the last Baltic ally of Lithuania, in 1291. J. Kiaupienė. The rest of the former Ruthenian lands were conquered by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

This treaty lists 21 Lithuanian dukes, including five senior Lithuanian dukes from Aukštaitija (Živinbudas, Daujotas, Vilikaila, Dausprungas and Mindaugas) and several dukes from Žemaitija. This river's original name is Lietava. Between 1492 and 1508, Ivan III further consolidated Muscovy, winning the key Battle of Vedrosha and regaining such ancient lands of Kievan Rus' as Chernihiv and Bryansk. Gediminaičiai ir Jogailaičiai prie Vytauto palikimo. Gimtoji istorija 2: Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės (Lietuvos istorijos vadovėlis). The peace treaty with Galicia–Volhynia of 1219 provides evidence of cooperation between Lithuanians and Samogitians. The battle was part of a long series of Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars conducted by Russian rulers striving to gather all the former lands of Kievan Rus' under their rule. In 1362, regiments of the Grand Duchy army defeated the Golden Horde at the Battle at Blue Waters. (2003). This page was last changed on 3 July 2018, at 18:53. A. Dubonis , D. Antanavičius, R. Ragauskiene, R. Šmigelskytė-Štukienė. In 1320, most of the principalities of western Rus' were either vassalized or annexed by Lithuania. After Vytautas's death, Lithuania's relationship with the Kingdom of Poland greatly deteriorated.

An example is Novgorod, which was often in the Lithuanian sphere of influence and became an occasional dependency of the Grand Duchy. [28] Vytenis also began the construction of a defensive castle network along the Neman River. Taking advantage of internal conflicts, Mindaugas allied with the Livonian Order. Around 1307, Polotsk, an important trading centre, was annexed by military force. CD. Vytenis, Gediminas and Vytautas the Great also assumed the title of King, although uncrowned by the Pope. Ethnic Lithuanians were very dedicated to their faith. In Ruthenia, Vytenis managed to recapture lands lost after the assassination of Mindaugas and to capture the principalities of Pinsk and Turaŭ. Current state (2004), Vilnius University and the Church of St. John, Pažaislis Monastery church, decorated with expensive marble, Žemaitukas, a historic horse breed from Lithuania, known from the 6–7th centuries, used as a warhorse by the Lithuanians, "Christianization of Lithuania in 1387", oil on canvas by Jan Matejko, 1889, Royal Castle in Warsaw, Priest, lexicographer Konstantinas Sirvydas, the cherisher of the Lithuanian language in the 17th century, European state from the 12th century until 1795, Supposed appearance of the royal (military) banner with design derived from a 16th century coat of arms, The Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the height of its power in the 15th century, superimposed on modern borders, Languages for state and academic purposes. ", "The Memory of Multicultural Tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Thought of Vilnius Krajowcy", "Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie w myśli politycznej Stanisława Cata-Mackiewicza", "Miłosz's Anniversary in the Context of Dumb Politics", Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Encyclopedia in Three Volumes, Volume I, Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Encyclopedia in Three Volumes, Volume II, Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Encyclopedia in Three Volumes, Volume III, Cheryl Renshaw. [...] не обчымъ яким языкомъ, але своимъ властнымъ права списаные маемъ [...]; Dubonis, A. partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Commissary Provisional Government of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Demographic history of Poland § Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), Statute of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1588), "Ukraine: History: Lithuanian and Polish rule", "Union of Lublin: Poland-Lithuania [1569]", "Procesy integracyjne i dezintegracyjne na ziemiach litewskich w toku dziejów", "Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės administracinis teritorinis suskirstymas", "Lietuvos Didžiosios kunigaikštystės kanceliarinės slavų kalbos termino nusakymo problema", "Lietuvių kalba: poreikis ir vartojimo mastai (XV a. antra pusė – XVI a. antra pusė)", "Rusini w Rzeczypospolitej Wielu Narodów i ich obecność w tradycji Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego – problem historyczny czy czynnik tworzący współczesność? In the 13th century, the centre of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was inhabited by a majority that spoke Lithuanian,[41] though it was not a written language until the 16th century.