34, 857862. This method does not require prior culturing of cells for identification, thus avoiding the problem that few natural marine bacteria appear to be Biotechnol. The Pasteurellaceae also includes several clinically relevant genera and species. To test that, we spiked a sea water sample with fluorescent bacteria (LCB6139) and measured the number of cells by flow cytometry before and after incubation in sea water for 20 h at 20C. (2012). 1, 401408. 11, 111. doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-4821-1, Obuekwe, C. O., Al-Jadi, Z. K., and Al-Saleh, E. S. (2009). doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.04.002, Tremblay, J., Yergeau, E., Fortin, N., Cobanli, S., Elias, M., King, T. L., et al. Biotechnol. Researchers found that these five bacteria showed synergistic pyrene degradation due to the following aspects: (1) The Bacillus strain enhanced the bioavailability of the pyrene by producing biosurfactant, (2) two Mycobacterium strains contributed to the initiation of pyrene degradation, and (3) Novosphingobium and Ochrobactrum efficiently degraded the intermediates of pyrene.
Sci. Li, D., Xu, X., Zhai, Z., Yu, H., and Han, X. 50, 21212129. (2015b). Marine oil-degrading microorganisms and biodegradation process of petroleum hydrocarbon in marine environments: a review. Evol. Effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the microbial properties of a sandy and a clay soil. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. However, the phenolic and quinonic naphthalene derivatives inhibited bacterial growth. These bacteria may serve as the basis for new therapeutics against severe skin infections in humans, dogs and cats. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.001, Eskandari, S., Hoodaji, M., Tahmourespour, A., Abdollahi, A., Mohammadian-Baghi, T., Eslamian, S., et al. Bioremediation of soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum, pesticides, chlorophenols and heavy metals by composting: applications, microbes and future research needs. Science 330, 204208. Iron-oxidizing bacteria: an unusual natural phenomenon. Elucidation of fluoranthene degradative characteristics in a newly isolated Achromobacter xylosoxidans DN002. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03588-15, Jin, H. M., Kim, J. M., Lee, H. J., Madsen, E. L., and Jeon, C. O. Biotechnol. (2011). This story is part of "Smart Creativity," a series exploring the intersection between high-concept design and Int. [24] The bacteria which generally cause tooth decay have been engineered to no longer produce tooth-corroding lactic acid. Pollut. One example of such an intermediate, which only forms short-term colonies in the gastrointestinal tract, may be Lactobacillus Acidophilus MPH734. Transformation and selection of bacteria are key steps in DNA cloning. This book is uniquely structured to overview some vital issues, such as: DOM; H2O2 and ROOH; HO; Degradation of DOM; CDOM, FDOM; Photosynthesis; Chlorophyll; Metal complexation, and Global warming, as well as their mutual [33] This was taken a step further in 2012, when a whole book was encoded onto DNA. The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. ISME J. (2015). Sufficient time is needed to synthesize hydrocarbon-degrading enzymes because of the requirements of bacterial growth and synthetic metabolism. Rev. These fluorescent BioParticles products have been employed to Environ. A case study of bioremediation of petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soil at a crude oil spill site. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.007, Chen, M., Xu, P., Zeng, G., Yang, C., Huang, D., and Zhang, J. Microbiol. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2010.486328, Nie, Y., Liang, J. L., Fang, H., Tang, Y. Q., and Wu, X. L. (2014). Extremely high levels of petroleum hydrocarbons strongly inhibit bacterial growth, resulting in poor biodegradation efficiency and even death of the bacteria (Ma et al., 2015). Int. antigens. 1991). EC1. [14] The high cost of extraction and purification has meant that only high value products have been produced at an industrial scale. The purpose of this review article is to provide some suggestions for the future development of bacterial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons on the basis of previously published studies related to new advances in the area of bacterial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons. [17][18], The first medicinal use of GM bacteria was to produce the protein insulin to treat diabetes. The hygiene hypothesis stipulates that exposure of T regulatory cells to intestinal microbes generates a mature immune response that decreases reactions to self-antigens, as well as harmless antigens from nonpathogenic microbes. The addition of fertilizers containing bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus has been successfully applied to stimulate petroleum oil biodegradation on a number of different shorelines and sandy beaches (Rling et al., 2002; Hazen et al., 2016). III. doi: 10.1007/s12010-015-1603-5, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Abbasnezhad, H., Gray, M., and Foght, J. M. (2011). Quantitatively predicting bacterial adhesion using surface free energy determined with a spectrophotometric method. (2007). Int. High throughput single-cell cultivation on microfluidic streak plates. Pseudomonas strains of bacteria cause frost damage by nucleating water into ice crystals around themselves. Rep. 3, 125135. Biodeterior. In view of this, the selection of appropriate surfactants is of great importance for pollution remediation and the prevention of secondary pollution. 720 0 obj
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This phenomenon is related to the chemical structure of petroleum hydrocarbon components. Chemical dispersants enhance the activity of oil-and gas condensate-degrading marine bacteria. (2018). 4:e00622-16. doi: 10.1007/s00792-017-0968-5, Zheng, J., Feng, J. Q., Zhou, L., Mbadinga, S. M., Gu, J. D., and Mu, B. doi: 10.9734/JGEESI/2017/35447, Fida, T. T., Moreno-Forero, S. K., Breugelmans, P., Heipieper, H. J., Rling, W. F., and Springael, D. (2017). doi: 10.1007/s00284-015-0825-7, Yakimov, M. M., Giuliano, L., Gentile, G., Crisafi, E., Chernikova, T. N., Abraham, W. R., et al. Mater. Cell surface properties of Pseudomonas stutzeri in the process of diesel oil biodegradation. 596, 284292. 68, 55375548. These bacterial species are often a result of human pollution being introduced into the water system. Ron and Rosenberg (2014) found that adherence of hydrophobic pollutants to bacterial cells is mainly related to hydrophobic fimbriae, fibrils, outer-membrane proteins and lipids, as well as certain small molecules present in cell surfaces such as gramicidin S and prodigiosin. 49, 61646171. Received: 15 September 2018; Accepted: 12 November 2018;Published: 03 December 2018. Environ. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.04.006, Yang, Y., Wang, J., Liao, J., Xie, S., and Huang, Y. Bacteria were genetically engineered to produced fluorescent cell cultures called spheroids, which act as self-repairing building blocks Imperial College London View 2 Images If the bacteria do not form colonies inside the patient, the person must repeatedly ingest the modified bacteria in order to get the required doses. Biodeterior. Biodegradative potential and characterization of a novel aromatic-degrading bacterium isolated from a geothermal oil field under saline and thermophilic conditions. Ecotoxicol. (2012). Enabling the bacteria to form a colony could provide a more long-term solution, but could also raise safety concerns as interactions between bacteria and the human body are less well understood than with traditional drugs. Appl. Human clinical MCR-1-producing isolates K. pneumoniae ZJ02, E. coli ZJ40, and E. coli ZJ478 were collected in our previous study []. [14] Outside of medicine they have been used to produce biofuels. Indeed, many studies have revealed that there is a large number of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in oil-rich environments, such as oil spill areas and oil reservoirs (Hazen et al., 2010; Yang et al., 2015), and that their abundance and quantity are closely related to the types of petroleum hydrocarbons and the surrounding environmental factors (Fuentes et al., 2015; Varjani and Gnansounou, 2017). These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine. Cell. Such organisms are candidates for the treatment of oil pollutants (Margesin et al., 2003; Ron and Rosenberg, 2014; Lea-Smith et al., 2015). One research focus is to modify Lactobacillus, bacteria that naturally provide some protection against HIV, with genes that will further enhance this protection. All natural waters can also be populated by transient bacteria. Adv. However, petroleum use results in environmental deterioration (Xue et al., 2015). Front. This disadvantage makes it almost impossible to do anything when dealing with emergency pollution incidents because bioremediation will not remove contaminants as soon as the contamination occurs, but rather requires sufficient time to be achieved. Biochem. We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. (2017). Also, prior to use in MUG assays, examine all Int. JS$E Biotechnol. This book covers a wide range of aspects and issues related to biosensor technology, bringing together researchers from 16 different countries. 245, 12581265. The development of microbial biotechnology and high-throughput sequencing technology, such as microfluidic techniques (Jiang et al., 2016; Guerra et al., 2018), is beneficial for screening and identifying functional microorganisms from petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated environments. However, not all the biosurfactants produced by bioemulsifier-producing bacteria can effectively enhance the degradation rate of pollutants (Inakollu et al., 2004). We developed a method that uses fluorescent substrate analogs, cell sorting, and DNA sequencing to identify substrates taken up by bacteria. Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most alarming pollutants due to their high toxicity to human and environmental health. ISME J. Microbiol. This is because, in some instances, bacteria with high surface hydrophobicity are easily aggregated and form biofilms, thereby producing potential risks such as diseases (Doyle, 2000). 98, 163173. A comprehensive review of aliphatic hydrocarbon biodegradation by bacteria. Biotechnol. Another source that can distort fluorescence imaging is autofluorescence by naturally occurring fluorescent proteins in cells and tissues, which particularly needs to be considered in experiments with plants or algae. Once in the plant, the bacteria are able to grow through the veins and exit the plant through natural pores in the leafs surface. They also show that high concentrations of bacteria cause the freckles associated with Gosss wilt. Int. Tao et al. Chem. Dez, S., Jover, E., Bayona, J. M., and Albaigs, J. 68, 56255633. Biotechnol. [24], For over a century bacteria have been used in agriculture. Res. Total Environ. 99, 19351946. How to get rid of the flying pests naturally and quickly; Steps to get rid of bugs from light fixtures on the ceiling, bathroom, recessed lighting, etc. Enrichment and characterization of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from petroleum refinery waste as potent bioaugmentation agent for in situ bioremediation. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.07.131, Ma, Y. L., Lu, W., Wan, L. L., and Luo, N. (2015). High efficiency degradation of alkanes and crude oil by a salt-tolerant bacterium Dietzia species CN-3. Crops have been inoculated with Rhizobia (and more recently Azospirillum) to increase their production or to allow them to be grown outside their original habitat. Genome Announc. Found inside Page 102Firstly, the natural bacterial fluorescence was tested and proved positive. The passage through the gut of the bacteria could not be observed in fluorescent microscopy, because the chloragogen cells have high natural fluorescence as Protein translocation systems are invaluable to pathogenic bacteria, facilitating the display of virulence factors on their surface or their release into the extracellular environment. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the movement of genetic material between organisms. Hydrocarbon degradation in relation to cell-surface hydrophobicity among bacterial hydrocarbon degraders from petroleum-contaminated Kuwait desert environment. Environ. Environ. FIGURE 2. DQ02 to hydrocarbon increased 44% in the presence of rhamnolipids and that the degradation of n-hexadecane increased 11.6% compared to treatment in the absence of rhamnolipids. J. Microbiol. In a laboratory study, the petroleum hydrocarbons phenanthrene and dibenzothiophenes were well degraded, but similar degradation effects did not occur in a field experiment, which could be attributed to the temperature range during the study (Rling et al., 2002, 2004). [8][9][10], Bacteria have been used in the production of food for a very long time, and specific strains have been developed and selected for that work on an industrial scale. Found inside Page 68TWO-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy for bacterial identification to minor differences in cellular chemistry. which produce naturally fluorescent pigments while secondary methods are applicable to virtually all bacteria. However, providing a sufficient oxygen supply to stimulate the bioremediation of petroleum pollutants in the environment is rather expensive and not feasible. 31, 4551. [19] Other medicines produced include clotting factors to treat haemophilia,[20] human growth hormone to treat various forms of dwarfism,[21][22] interferon to treat some cancers, erythropoietin for anemic patients, and tissue plasminogen activator which dissolves blood clots. Environ. 159, 2027. 25, 28302841. 4:173. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1348. A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers. Chymosin is an enzyme found in a calf's stomach. doi: 10.3923/jm.2006.401.408, Torres, S., Pandey, A., and Castro, G. R. (2011). Environ. Biotechnol. 342, 561570. Recently, microbial remediation technology has developed rapidly and achieved major gains. (2000). Naturally diseased and laboratory infected coral systematically exhibited fragmented fluorescent pigments adjacent to the disease front as indicated Biodegradation of crude oil by a defined co-culture of indigenous bacterial consortium and exogenous Bacillus subtilis. Appl. A knowledge, which is as accurate as possible of microbial ecology is indispensible for ecosystem research and environmental protection. This is particularly true for coastal waters, whereby brackish water areas occupy a special position. 2, 391400. Asphaltenes biodegradation under shaking and static conditions. J. Learn about this light-producing microbe, nosocomial 65,251259. Therefore, the use of hydrophilic microorganisms to treat hydrocarbon pollutants seems to be more advantageous than hydrophobic microorganisms (Obuekwe et al., 2009). Appl. 5, 746753. These phenomena suggest that these microorganisms are crucial to the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, and that they significantly influence the transformation and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment. Chemosphere 71, 17381744. Synergetic effect of bio-photocatalytic hybrid system: g-C3N4, and Acinetobacter, sp. Bioluminescence is everywhere on earthmost of all in the ocean, from angler fish in the depths to flashing dinoflagellates at the surface. Chemosphere 66, 18631871. Biodeterior. Moreover, they found that the decline in richness and phylogenetic diversity was linked to the disruption of the nitrogen cycle, with species and functional genes involved in nitrification being significantly reduced (van Dorst et al., 2014). This book describes the state-of-the-art advances regarding the pollution of water, soils, atmosphere, food and living organisms by toxic metals, fossil fuels, pesticides and other organic pollutants. Australia. Many isolated bacteria possess the ability to mineralize chemically simple petroleum hydrocarbons completely, such as linear alkanes, as long as these bacteria possess all of the enzymes for the targeted substrate (Head et al., 2006; Seth-Smith, 2010; Margesin et al., 2013). A comparative intracellular proteomic profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ASP-53 grown on pyrene or glucose as sole source of carbon and identification of some key enzymes of pyrene biodegradation pathway. After cultured for 24 h at 37C, monoclonal peptide-fluorescent bacteria were picked and cultured in 5 ml SOB containing 0.2% (m/v) D- (+)-glucose and 34 g/ml CM at 37C overnight. Microbiol. In recent years, the use of bacteria to deal with environmental pollutants has become a promising technology because of its low cost and eco-friendly nature (Guerra et al., 2018). (2016). This can be attributed to the fact that different indigenous bacteria have different catalytic enzymes; thus, their roles in oil-contaminated sites also vary widely. Can. Whilst it is naturally occurring, or to be more precise, naturally formed - albeit briefly - during radioactive decay of other elements, the amount of francium on earth is tiny. (2012). Lett. Uptake and trans-membrane transport of petroleum hydrocarbons by microorganisms. Res. Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and can utilize these compounds as sources of carbon and energy. This work is most suitable for teaching purposes. Academics, for example, could literally deliver comprehensive lectures to students simply based on chapter outlines and contents. Meet the Authors of the Encyclopedia! J. Proteomics 167, 2535. Microbiol. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01370-09, Xu, X., Zhai, Z., Li, H., Wang, Q., Han, X., and Yu, H. (2017). This procedure is excellent to show bacterial fimbriae, flagella, etc. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.044, Sarkar, P., Roy, A., Pal, S., Mohapatra, B., Kazy, S. K., Maiti, M. K., et al. 21, 463469. Opin. endstream
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Microbiol. Eng. It is concluded as follows: (1) Continue the theoretical basis of the interfacial interaction mechanism between bacteria and petroleum hydrocarbons in order to overcome barriers for microbial uptake of petroleum hydrocarbons, (2) develop novel biocompatible surfactants to enhance contact between bacteria and petroleum hydrocarbons, (3) explore undiscovered resources of petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria via new biotechnology, such as a high-throughput screening method to increase and enrich functional bacterial resources, (4) further optimize the strategy of artificial microbial consortia, such as by way of the metagenome enrichment approach to enrich and develop preferable consortia, (5) explore the novel functional genes controlling the pathway of hydrocarbon degradation to provide new looks on the molecular mechanism and microbial remediation, and (6) construct genetically engineered bacteria by using synthetic biology technology to give them more ability for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation. If you have a fluorescent tube light, check around the ceiling for gaps or cracks. [4] The large number of custom plasmids make manipulating DNA excised from bacteria relatively easy. doi: 10.1021/es950961r. Curr. Bioresour. Alkane degradation under anoxic conditions by a nitrate-reducing bacterium with possible involvement of the electron acceptor in substrate activation. Sci. (2013). Int. The first example of this occurred in 1978 when Herbert Boyer, working at a University of California laboratory, took a version of the human insulin gene and inserted into the bacterium Escherichia coli to produce synthetic "human" insulin. doi: 10.1039/c5em00070j, Jahromi, H., Fazaelipoor, M. H., Ayatollahi, S., and Niazi, A. Liu, S., Guo, C., Liang, X., Wu, F., and Dang, Z. 220, 10591067. Bioremediation approaches for organic pollutants: a critical perspective. Environ. Bacteria are cheap, easy to grow, clonal, multiply quickly, are relatively easy to transform, and can be stored at -80C almost indefinitely.
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